The name on a modern street sign is the only remaining

visible connection to a piece of Hampton, Virginia’s history that had faded into the shadows of time. Today, Newcombe (spelled with an “e”) Avenue is a short, dead-end street that ends at a traffic barrier in front of a wall of brushy trees that shield the view of Sunset Creek, now a heavily industrialized tributary off the Hampton River.
During World War I, the avenue led to the Newcomb Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Corp, a name later changed to the Hampton Shipbuilding & Marine Railway Corp. This facility was one of sixty-one such boatyards that sprang into action around the nation to build the “splinter fleet,” boats designed specifically to deal with the threat of German submarines that were changing the pattern on warfare on the seas.
From the beginning of World War I in 1914, German submarines, the infamous U-boats as they came to be called, proved to be a devastating force against all that the Brits could muster. To combat this threat in its home waters, England ordered in the spring of 1915 a total of 550 American-built patrol boats, 75-foot vessels designed to defend its shores and harbors.
The capabilities of the U-boats were brought home to the American Navy when, in the fall of 1916, the German submarine U-53 made a brief port call at Newport, Rhode Island, and without refueling or taking on provisions, returned to the sea. The next day, the U-boat sank five steamships off Nantucket before continuing to it home port in Germany.
In March 1917, two days before the United States officially declared war on Germany, the US Congress voted $115,000,000 for the purchase of war material, including “additional torpedo boat destroyers.” Spurred by the visit of U-53 and its subsequent trail of havoc, naval architects had been hard at work for months designing the American version of a small fast boat to defend the nation’s eastern coast.

With funds in hand, government officials began scouring the nation for facilities and people to build the SC (sub chaser) I Class, a 110-foot, wooden hulled, and gasoline powered boat. The government agents reached handshake agreements, telling participants to begin work and the paperwork would follow later.
In Hampton, the agents found the abandoned facilities of the Chesapeake Gas Engine Corporation. This company, started in late 1908, had a railway large enough to handle several boats.

However, the business had gone bankrupt and had been sold at public auction some three years later. In Richmond, federal agents found a company to run the Hampton shipyard. The Newcomb Life Boat Company, Inc., organized for building “life boats and accessories.”
Starting in November 1916, according to records in the Hampton Court House, thirteen pieces of property were purchased to expand the original size of the defunct company on Sunset Creek. It was not until April 1918 that the official title of the Newcomb Life Boat Company, Inc. was changed in state records and its city of operation changed from Richmond to Hampton.
According to the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Volume VI, a total of 440 of the boats were built between October 1917 and February1919. A large number of the boats were built at then existing Naval shipyards. But small companies from Pensacola, Florida, to Manitowoc, Wisconsin, from Milford, Delaware, to Bremerton, Washington, and even from boatyards in midwestern cities like Rocky River, Ohio, and Dubuque, Iowa, built small numbers of the boats.
Five boats, hulls 218 through 222, were built in Hampton. Two were commissioned

in February 1918 and the other three in March of the same year. Four of the boats went to sea for the duration of the war, stationed in ports from Yorktown, Virginia, to Queenstown, Ireland.

SC218, shown above was stationed at Yorktown, Virginia. Local experts believe this shot was taken on the Hampton River with what is now the Hampton University campus in background.
One boat, hull 219, was destroyed at sea off the Azores when a fire broke out in its engine room. Fire on board the gasoline fueled/wooden hulled boats claimed six boats, equal to the number lost for all other reasons combined.
After the war ended in November 1918, the “splinter fleet” was disbanded. Some of the boats were transferred to the Coast Guard, a few state agencies, or sold to scrap yards. The Hampton Shipbuilding & Marine Railway Corp. went out of business. In April 1921 a circuit court judge in Hampton issued a decree that the facility that once employed 400 workers be sold at public auction.
In a day without connected national media, the widely scattered program sprang into operation, and then faded away without a lot of fanfare. Naval historians do not wax eloquently on the effectiveness of the “splinter fleet” against U-boats, possibly a reason the program is so little remembered.
In today’s world, the “splinter fleet” story is kept alive and continues to grow through an on-line organization,
The Subchaser Archives. It is a collection point for formal documents, photographs, and first-hand accounts from men who served on the boats. The organization issues a periodic newsletter edited by Todd A. Woofenden, a grandnephew of a man who commanded one of the boats.